Nursing Care for Various Client Conditions | Exams Nursing | Docsity (2024)

Download Nursing Care for Various Client Conditions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! RN Comprehensive Online Practice 2023 B Questions and Answers. A nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child Physical Examination: 1510: Upon visual inspection, throat is inflamed, tonsils appear pink, reddened and epiglottis is edematous and cherry red in appearance. Skin appears pale. Stridor noted upon inspiration with diminished bilateral lung sounds. Nurse's Notes: 1500 Child accompanied to emergency department by caregiver. Caregiver states child has a sore throat and reports the child has "pain on swallowing" and denies cough. Child is agitated and lean - Correct Answers Condition: Epiglottis Actions: Initiate droplet precautions and request a prescription for IV antibiotics Monitors: Breath sounds and temperature The nurse should anticipate initiating droplet precautions and requesting a prescription for IV antibiotics. The child is most likely experiencing epiglottis because of the clinical manifestations of a high fever, inflammation and redness of the throat, pale skin, stridor with inspiration, painful swallowing, no cough, is sitting in tripod position, and drooling. The nurse should monitor the child's temperature and breath sounds. A nurse is caring for a client who is on the spinal cord injury (SCI) unit Nurses' Notes Day 3, 1700 Client admitted to SCI unit 3 days ago following C7 injury. Skin is cool, pale, and dry to touch. Respirations easy and unlabored. Lung sounds diminished in lower lobes. Abdomen soft and nondistended with active bowel sounds. Client passed a small amount of hard formed stool this AM. Indwelling urinary catheter draining clear yellow urine. Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) are biceps 1+, triceps 1+, pa - Correct Answers The client is most likely experiencing manifestations of pneumonia and autonomic dysreflexia. The nurse should analyze cues from the client's manifestations and determine that the client is most likely experiencing manifestations of pneumonia and autonomic dysreflexia. A client who has a cervical SCI is at risk for respiratory complications because spinal innervation to the respiratory muscles is disrupted. Adventitious breath sounds in the lower lobes bilaterally and a decrease in oxygen saturation to less than 92% can indicate pneumonia. The client's sudden increase in blood pressure, bradycardia, flushing of the skin above the area of the injury, headache, and blurred vision are manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia, which can be a life-threatening condition. A nurse is caring for a client who has abdominal pain Nurses' Notes 0900 Client reports loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue for 1 week. Reports abdominal pain, 6 on a scale from 0 to 10, for 2 days. Client is a perioperative nurse, returned 1 week ago from a 2-week mission trip to an underdeveloped country 1200 Results of antibody studies obtained. Provider prescription for antiviral medication pending. Physical Examination 0930 Lung sounds clear bilaterally. Skin warm to touch and jau - Correct Answers Hepatitis A: Client's risk from fecal-oral transmission, laboratory results, and physical examination findings Hepatitis B: Antiviral treatment, laboratory results, client's risk from bloodborne transmission, physical examination findings Hepatitis C: Antiviral treatment, laboratory results, client's risk from bloodborne transmission, and physical examination findings Glucose 95 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL) WBC count 9,500/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3) I & O 0700 4 hr input 400 mL 4 hr output - Correct Answers The client is at greatest risk for developing dysrhythmias, as evidenced by electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should analyze cues to determine the client is at greatest risk for developing dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, as evidenced by the laboratory report and the client's report of muscle cramping. Potassium and magnesium depletion are common manifestations in clients who are postoperative following CABG. Due to medication or hemodilation, it is important for the nurse to closely monitor electrolytes. A nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant in the acute care setting Nurses' Notes 1400 Client reports a constant low dull backache and painless abdominal tightening for the past 3 hr. Denies any changes in vagin*l discharge. External fetal monitor applied. 1430 Contraction pattern: contractions every 4 to 5 min, lasting 30 to 45 seconds, palpate mild in intensity Fetal heart rate: 150/min to 155/min, moderate variability, adequate accelerations present, no decelerations noted. Provider in - Correct Answers The nurse should first address the client's respiratory rate, followed by the client's level of consciousness When prioritizing hypotheses, the nurse should recognize that magnesium sulfate is a central nervous system depressant that can affect respirations, consciousness, and reflexes when toxic blood levels occur. Using the airway, breathing, circulation priority framework, the nurse should plan to first take action to support respirations, followed by action to increase the client's level of consciousness. The nurse should plan to discontinue the magnesium sulfate infusion and administer calcium gluconate as an antidote. A nurse is caring for an adolescent in the emergency department (ED) Nurses' Notes 0700 Adolescent admitted to ED. Adolescent's parents are concerned about left leg injury that appears to be getting worse. Parents report adolescent has had fever, decreased appetite, and decreased energy within the past 2 days. Adolescent reports leg injury occurred while playing soccer. 0715 Adolescent is alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation. Adolescent reports left lower leg pain as 4 on - Correct Answers Which of the following findings requires immediate follow up by the nurse? - Skin assessment - Temperature - WBC - Casual blood glucose - Potassium After reviewing the information in the adolescent's EMR and recognizing cues, the nurse should identify that the adolescent has a potential skin infection, such as cellulitis. The skin assessment reveals that the medial lateral aspect of the left leg has a 3 x 3 cm2 area of redness with small pustules, tenderness, and warmth, which can indicate infection. The adolescent's temperature and WBC count are above the expected reference range, which can also indicate infection. The adolescent's casual blood glucose and potassium are above the expected reference range, which can indicate infection or a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should immediately follow up on these findings because they can indicate infection or other complications. A nurse on the medical-surgical unit is caring for a client who was admitted from the emergency department (ED) Vital Signs 1400 Temperature 38 C (100.4 F) Heart rate 110/min Respiratory rate 24/min Blood pressure 96/58 mmHg Oxygen saturation 96% on room air 1500 Temperature 37.2 (98.9 F) Heart rate 96/min Respiratory rate 20/min Blood pressure 100/70 mmHg Oxygen saturation 97% on room air Nurses' Notes 1500 Client admitted from the ED for dehydration. Client alert and oriented to person, pla - Correct Answers The client is at risk for developing confusion due to sodium level Upon analyzing cues, the nurse should identify that the client is at risk for confusion due to a sodium level that is greater than the expected reference range. Hypernatremia places the client at risk for a decreased level of consciousness, falls, and seizure activity. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client's level of consciousness and place the client on fall and seizure precautions. A nurse is caring for an adolescent in the emergency department (ED) Laboratory Results Sodium 140 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L) Potassium 3.6 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L) Chloride 103 mEq/L (98 to 106 mEq/L) BUN 15 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL) Magnesium 1.5 mEq/L (1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L) Total calcium 9.5 mg/dL (9 to 10.5 mg/dL) Phosphate 3.7 mg/dL (3 to 4.5 mg/dL) Glucose 80 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL) Total protein 7 g/dL (6.4 to 8.3 g/dL) Albumin 4.5 g/dL (3.5 to 5 g/dL) WBC count 19,500/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3) Asp - Correct Answers Bacterial Meningitis: Temperature, photophobia, rash, mental status, and pain Encephalitis: Temperature, pain, and mental status - Mild tremors noted when awake - Breastfeeding every 3 to 5 hr for 5 to 10 min. - Client reports nipple discomfort throughout the feeding When recognizing cues, the nurse should identify that a temperature of 36.4° C (97.5° F) is below the expected reference range. Hypothermia can lead to the occurrence of hypoglycemia and respiratory distress. The newborn breastfeeding for short intervals, nipple discomfort, and a weight loss of greater than 10% of birth weight can indicate inadequate transfer of breastmilk, which can result in hypoglycemia. The presence of mild tremors can be a manifestation of hypoglycemia. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following administration of general anesthesia. Vital Signs 0830: Temperature 36.9° C (98.5° F) Heart rate 134/min Respiratory rate 28/min Blood pressure 92/52 mm Hg Oxygen saturation 89% on room air Nurses' Notes 0830: Client is postoperative following an inguinal hernia repair.Apical pulse 134/min and irregular Client reports dyspnea. Diagnostic Results 0835: Arterial blood gases (ABGs) pH 7.30 (7.35 to 7.45) PCO2 64 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm - Correct Answers Condition: Malignant hyperthermia Actions: administer dantrolene and administer oxygen Parameters to monitor: Hypercapnia and muscle rigidity Upon recognizing and analyzing the client cues of tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, and irregular heart rhythm, the nurse's priority hypothesis should be that this client is most likely experiencing malignant hyperthermia and that it is important to generate solutions and take actions that will correct dysrhythmias, provide oxygen to tissues, correct electrolyte imbalances, and reverse metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Therefore, the nurse should prepare to administer dantrolene and administer oxygen. The nurse should monitor the PCO2 level on the client's ABGs for hypercapnia and observe the client for muscle rigidity of the jaw and chest muscles. A nurse is providing teaching to the guardians of a newborn about measures to prevent sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Which of the following guardian statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will not allow anyone to smoke near my baby." B. "I will place bumper pads in my baby's crib." C. "My baby's head should be placed on a pillow for sleeping." D. "My baby should sleep in a side-lying position." - Correct Answers A. "I will not allow anyone to smoke near my baby." This statement by the guardian indicates an understanding of the nurse's instructions. Research indicates a strong correlation between exposure to cigarette smoke and the occurrence of SUID. Incorrect: The guardians should not place bumper pads in the infant's crib because they increase the risk for suffocation. Therefore, this is a risk factor for SUID. The guardians should not place the infant's head on a pillow for sleeping because it increases the risk for suffocation. Therefore, this is a risk factor for SUID. The guardians should place the child in a supine position for sleeping to prevent SUID. The nurse is updating the plan of care for a client who is 48 hr postoperative following a laryngectomy and is unable to speak. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first? A. Determine the client's reading skills. B. Instruct the client on esophageal speech technique. C. Provide the client with an alphabet board. D. Show the client how to use an artificial larynx. - Correct Answers A. Determine the client's reading skills. The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the client. By determining the client's level of reading skills and cognition, the nurse can best provide the client with a variety of customized techniques to practice and use after verbal skills are lost. Incorrect The nurse should instruct the client on the technique for esophageal speech and allow time for the client to practice. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. The nurse should provide the client with an alphabet board and demonstrate how to use it for communicating after verbal skills are lost. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. The nurse should show the client how to use an artificial larynx, called an electrolarynx, for communicating after verbal skills are lost following surgery. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following an appendectomy. Nurses' Notes 1800: Client alert and oriented to person, place, time, and situation.Skin warm and dry.Lungs clear on auscultation Bowel sounds hypoactive in all four quadrants. Urine clear yellow Incisional dressing clean and dry. Client reports pain as 6 on a scale of 0 to 10.1815: Morphine administered as prescribed.2000: Client reports abdominal pain as 10 on a scale of 0 to 10. Client reports nausea, no vomiting. - Correct Answers Which of the following 4 client findings should the nurse report to the provider? - Oxygen saturation - Heart rate - Pain level - Nausea When recognizing cues, the nurse should identify that the findings of pain, nausea, heart rate, and oxygen saturation are unexpected findings for a client who is postoperative following an appendectomy. These findings should be reported to the provider. A nurse in an emergency department (ED) is assessing a client. Medical History When taking action and providing discharge teaching for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum, the nurse should recommend the client should eat every 2 to 3 hr to avoid having an empty stomach, which can increase nausea. The client should separate liquids from solids every 2 to 3 hr to help minimize nausea. The client should eat foods high in protein that are low in fat. Warm ginger ale or ginger tea can also decrease nausea. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Vital Signs Day 1, 2005: Temperature 35.3° C (95.5° F)Heart rate 60/minRespiratory rate 23/minBlood pressure 90/55 mm HgOxygen saturation 98% on room air Day 2, 0800: Temperature 36.1° C (97° F)Heart rate 65/minRespiratory rate 20/minBlood pressure 88/57 mm HgOxygen saturation 98% on room air Graphic Record Day 1, 2005: Weight 37.5 kg (82.7 lb) Height 162.56 cm (64 in)BMI 14.2 Day 2, 0800: Weight 37.4 kg (82.5 lb - Correct Answers The nurse should first address the client's electrolyte imbalance, followed by the client's fear of weight gain. When analyzing cues, the nurse should first address the client's electrolyte imbalance. The client has hypokalemia, which increases the risk for cardiac arrhythmias. Once the client's medical concerns are addressed, the nurse should then focus on the underlying psychological issues behind the eating disorder, such as the client's fear of weight gain. A nurse is caring for a client who is immediately postoperative following a subtotal thyroidectomy. Vital Signs 1100: Temperature 37.4° C (99.4° F) Heart rate 98/min Respiratory rate 18/min Blood pressure 128/68 mm Hg Oxygen saturation 97% on room air 1115: Temperature 37.8° C (100.1° F) Heart rate 110/min Respiratory rate 16/min Blood pressure 138/74 mm Hg Pulse oximetry 95% on room air 1130: Temperature 38.6° C (101.5° F) Heart rate 136/min Respiratory rate 16/min Blood pressure 154 - Correct Answers Select the 4 client findings that lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing thyroid storm. - Mental status - Heart rate - Temperature - Blood pressure When analyzing cues, the nurse should identify that thyroid storm can be caused by trauma to the thyroid gland, such as surgery, and excessive release of thyroid hormone greatly increases the metabolic rate. Fever greater than 38.5° C (101.3° F), heart rate greater than 130/min, systolic hypertension, and mental status changes, such as confusion, restlessness, and sleepiness, are characteristic of thyroid storm. A nurse is caring for a 1-month-old infant. Nurses' Notes 1500: Infant admitted to the pediatric unit. Parent reports infant has been irritable and has vomited after each feeding within the last 3 days.Infant alert, not crying. S1 and S2 noted without murmurs. Lungs clear to auscultation anterior/posterior. Respirations even, unlabored. Abdomen firm. Bowel sounds hypoactive in all 4 quadrants. Small 1 x 1 cm2 mass palpated near umbilicus. Skin warm and dry, turgor with tenting. 1600: Called to - Correct Answers The infant is at highest risk for developing dehydration, as evidenced by the infant's vomiting. When prioritizing hypotheses and using the urgent vs. nonurgent priority framework, the nurse should identify that the infant is at the greatest risk for developing dehydration due to a loss of gastric content from vomiting. An infant with pyloric stenosis presents with projectile vomiting after feeding, distended abdomen, and olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium. A nurse is caring for a client. Nurses' Notes Day 1, 1000: Client presents to the emergency department (ED) with right-sided hemiparesis, lethargy, and aphasia. The client's symptoms started 1 hr prior to arrival at the ED. Client received fibrinolytic therapy and was transferred to the ICU. Day 2, 0800: Client is awake and alert to person, place, and time. Client has weak right- side hand grasp. However, this is improved from admission. Client to be evaluated by speech therapy due to aphasia. - Correct Answers Anticipated: Administer oxygen therapy to keep oxygen saturation above 95%, Keep the lights in the client's room dim, Monitor blood glucose every 4 hr, Contraindicated: keep the client, supine, maintain the client's hips in flexion, cluster nursing care When generating solutions, the nurse should identify that oxygen therapy, monitoring blood glucose, and keeping lights in the client's room dim are anticipated prescriptions. The client is exhibiting manifestations of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Therefore, the nurse should titrate oxygen therapy to maintain the oxygen saturation level above 95% and avoid hypoxia. The nurse should frequently monitor the client's vital signs and blood glucose to avoid secondary brain injury. The nurse should also dim the lights in the client's room, because many clients who have increased ICP experience photophobia. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is experiencing chronic anorexia and is receiving enteral tube feedings. Which of the following laboratory values indicates the client needs additional nutrients added to the feeding? A. Creatinine 1.1 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.3 mg/dL) B. Albumin 2.8 g/dL (3.5 to 5 g/dL) When taking actions, the nurse should administer IV fluids, use humidification with oxygen therapy, and assess the client's mouth every 8 hr and peripheral circulation hourly. Hydration is a priority when caring for a client in sickle cell crisis because it decreases the rate of cell sickling and can reduce pain. Hypotonic fluids are typically infused at 250 mL/hr for 4 hr. Oxygen administered without humidification can cause drying of the mucous membranes, especially in clients who are already fluid-depleted. Placing humidification on the oxygen therapy promotes comfort and reduces the risk of sores and lesions of the mucous membranes. The nurse should assess the client's peripheral circulation because of the risk of venous occlusion caused by the sickling A nurse is caring for a client at a provider's office. History and Physical 2 months ago: Client presented to clinic for routine visit. Client reported feeling tired at times but getting through the workday and walking after work. Reported chronic nonproductive cough. Smokes 1.5 packs of cigarettes per day. Today, 1030: Client reports fatigue over the past several days, spending more time in bed. Reports chronic productive cough with blood-tinged sputum this morning. Smokes 1 pack of cigarett - Correct Answers Pneumonia: tobacco use, WBC level, Temperature, oxygen saturation, ABG results COPD: tobacco use and oxygen saturation Heart Failure: tobacco use, BNP level and oxygen saturation The nurse should analyze cues of pneumonia that include tobacco use, elevated WBC count, a productive cough with blood-tinged sputum, elevated temperature, a decreased oxygen saturation level, and an ABG level indicating respiratory acidosis. The nurse should also analyze cues of COPD that include tobacco use and a decreased oxygen saturation. The nurse should also analyze cues of heart failure that include tobacco use, BNP level, and a decreased oxygen saturation. A nurse on an antepartum unit is caring for a client who is at 33 weeks of gestation. Diagnostic Results WBC count 9,800/mm3 (5,000 to 10,000/mm3) Hgb 13 g/dL (greater than 11 g/dL) Hct 41% (greater than 33%) Platelet count 170,000/mm3 (150,000 to 400,000/mm3) BUN 20 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 80 units/L (100 to 190 units/L) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 18 units/L (0 to 35 units/L) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 19 units/L (4 to 36 units/L) Uric acid (serum) 5.4 mg/d - Correct Answers Condition: Abruptio Placentae Actions: avoid cervical examination and insert a large-bore IV catheter Parameters to monitors: blood pressure and platelet count The nurse should avoid cervical examination and insert a large-bore IV catheter because the client is most likely experiencing abruptio placentae indicated by the sudden onset of abdominal pain, contractions, and dark red vagin*l bleeding. Cervical examination can cause further damage to the placenta and increase bleeding. The nurse should immediately establish IV access with a large-bore catheter to administer IV fluids and blood products if bleeding increases or if manifestations of fetal distress occur. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and platelet count because of the risk of significant blood loss due to the abruption. Hemorrhage might not be visible as vagin*l bleeding if it is concealed between the placenta and uterine wall. Therefore, manifestations of hypovolemic shock (decreasing blood pressure, in A nurse is caring for an older adult client in the PACU following general anesthesia. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Urine output 120 mL in 4 hr B. Systolic blood pressure 12 mm Hg lower than the preoperative level C. Audible stridor D. Normal sinus rhythm with an occasional premature ventricular contraction - Correct Answers Audible stridor Audible stridor, or a high-pitched sound heard in the client's airway, indicates edema, laryngeal spasm, secretions, or some type of airway obstruction that could become life-threatening. The nurse should report this finding to the provider. Incorrect The nurse should monitor urinary output and report any amount less than 30 mL/hr. The nurse should report blood pressure changes that are greater than a 15 to 20 mm Hg difference from the client's baseline blood pressure. Anesthesia medications and surgery, especially in older adult clients, are common causes of premature ventricular contractions. The nurse should monitor the frequency of the premature ventricular contractions but does not need to report this finding to the provider. A nurse is admitting a client to the mental health unit after an attempted suicide. The client states, "My family does not care whether I live or die." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "I'm sure your family does not want you to die." B. "Why would you believe such things?" C. "How does this make you feel?" D. "You should talk to your family about your feelings." - Correct Answers "How does this make you feel?" This response encourages the client to evaluate their feelings. Incorrect This response provides false reassurance and minimizes the client's feelings. This response criticizes the client and might result in the client feeling defensive. This response gives the client advice and inhibits problem-solving. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a prescription for levothyroxine 25 mcg PO daily. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Take the medication on an empty stomach 30 min before breakfast. B. Take the medication 2 hr apart from calcium supplements. C. Take a double dose of the mediation if the last dose was missed. D. Take this medication with a small sip of water. - Correct Answers Take the medication on an empty stomach 30 min before breakfast. The nurse should recognize that clients who have sensorineural hearing loss have difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds. The nurse should speak in a lower tone of voice. The nurse should avoid speaking in a loud voice because it can make understanding what is being said more difficult. The nurse should recognize that clients who have a cognitive impairment may need additional time to comprehend and respond to meal choices. It is not an expected finding for clients who have sensorineural hearing loss to have difficulty with comprehension. The nurse should recognize that maintaining client autonomy is important. It is important for the nurse to assess the client's preferences for their preferred method of communication to allow A nurse is providing colostomy care for a client using a two-piece pouching system. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Cleanse the skin at the stoma site with povidone-iodine for 15 seconds. B. Dampen the skin before applying the skin barrier and ostomy pouch. C. Place the skin barrier over the stoma and hold it for 30 seconds. D. Cut the skin barrier opening 0.6 cm (0.24 in) larger than the stoma. - Correct Answers Place the skin barrier over the stoma and hold it for 30 seconds. The nurse should activate the adhesive in the skin barrier by holding it in place over the stoma for 30 seconds. Incorrect The nurse should cleanse the skin at the stoma site using a washcloth and warm water to reduce the risk of skin irritation. The nurse should thoroughly dry the skin around the stoma using a patting motion before applying the skin barrier to ensure the pouch adheres to the client's skin. The nurse should cut the skin barrier opening no more than 0.3 cm (0.12 in) larger than the stoma to reduce the risk of skin irritation. A nurse is performing tracheostomy care for a client who is postoperative following a laryngectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when suctioning the client's airway? A. Withdraw the catheter if the client begins coughing. B. Apply suction for 10 seconds. C. Advance the catheter 2 cm (0.8 in) after resistance is met. D. Use medical asepsis when performing the procedure. - Correct Answers Apply suction for 10 seconds. The nurse should apply suction for only 5 to 15 seconds to minimize oxygen loss. Incorrect Suctioning can initiate the cough reflex as it opens the airway further and allows for more effective removal of mucus. Once resistance is met, the nurse should withdraw the catheter 1 to 2 cm (0.4 in to 0.8 in) to prevent damaging bronchial tissues. The nurse should use surgical asepsis when suctioning a newly created tracheostomy to reduce the risk for infection. A mental health nurse is conducting the first of several meetings with a client whose partner recently died. The nurse should perform which of the following actions to establish trust during the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship? A. Encourage the client's problem-solving abilities. B. Discuss the client's previous experience with loss. C. Promote the client's self-esteem. D. Establish the termination date of therapy. - Correct Answers Establish the termination date of therapy. This task occurs in the orientation phase of a therapeutic relationship. Incorrect This task occurs in the working phase of a therapeutic relationship. A nurse is caring for a client who has a deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Teach the client to massage the affected extremity. B. Instruct the client to elevate the affected extremity when sitting. C. Assess pulses proximal to the affected area. D. Apply a cold compress to the affected extremity. - Correct Answers Instruct the client to elevate the affected extremity when sitting. The nurse should instruct the client to elevate the affected extremity when in the bed or chair. Incorrect Massaging the affected extremity increases the risk of dislodging the thrombus and causing an embolus that can travel to the lungs. The nurse should assess pulses distal to the affected area. The nurse should apply warm, moist compresses to the affected extremity. A nurse in a provider's office is assessing an adolescent who has been taking ibuprofen for 6 months to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to assess for an adverse effect of this medication? A. "Have you experienced muscle stiffness?" B. "Have you had any stomach pain or bloody stools?" C. "Have you experienced a dry cough?" D. "Have you noticed an increase in urine output?" - Correct Answers "Have you had any stomach pain or bloody stools?" The nurse should ask the client about the presence of stomach pain or bloody stools, which is an indication of gastrointestinal bleeding, an adverse effect of ibuprofen. Incorrect Long-term ibuprofen use does not cause increased muscle stiffness. However, the client might have joint stiffness as a manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Long-term ibuprofen use does not affect the respiratory system or cause a dry cough. The nurse should recognize that long-term ibuprofen use can damage the kidneys and assess the client for decreased urine output. A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a new diagnosis of terminal cancer. When discussing the client's prognosis with the parents, the nurse should recognize which of the following responses by the parents as an example of rationalization? A. "Our child wouldn't have this terminal diagnosis if the doctor had diagnosed the cancer sooner." The greatest risk to clients is injury from not receiving medications on time and developing a medical complication. Therefore, the priority intervention the charge nurse should take is to follow the chain of command and contact the nurse manager. Incorrect The charge nurse should ensure nurses document the actual time of medication administration to maintain each client's medical administration record. However, there is another action that the charge nurse should take first. The charge nurse should notify the risk manager, who will develop an interprofessional team to improve the medication delivery process by gathering information about the situation. However, there is another action that the charge nurse should take first. The charge nurse should complete an incident report of the occurrence to make all facts about the incident available to the health care facility. However, there is another action that the charge nurse should take first. A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child who has a permanent tracheostomy tube. Identify the sequence of steps the parent should follow to perform tracheostomy care. - Correct Answers - Remove the inner cancula - Remove the soiled dressing - Clean the stoma with 0.9% sodium chloride - Change the tracheostomy collar A nurse is caring for a client who had abdominal surgery 24 hr ago. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? A. Assess fluid intake every 24 hr. B. Ambulate three times a day. C. Assist with deep breathing and coughing. D. Monitor the incision site for findings of infection. - Correct Answers Assist with deep breathing and coughing. The priority action the nurse should take when using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care is to assist the client with deep breathing and coughing, which reduces the risk for postoperative pneumonia. Incorrect The nurse should assess the client's fluid intake every 24 hr to evaluate hydration status. However, another action is the nurse's priority. The nurse should ambulate the client three times a day to promote circulation. However, another action is the nurse's priority. The nurse should monitor the client's incision site for findings of infection. However, another action is the nurse's priority. A nurse is assessing a client who has pulmonary edema. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Pink, frothy sputum B. Bradycardia C. Pale, dry skin D. Wheezing - Correct Answers Pink, frothy sputum A client who has manifestations of pulmonary edema can have pink, frothy sputum due to fluid leaking across the pulmonary capillaries and into the lung tissue. Incorrect A client who has manifestations of pulmonary edema will have tachycardia due to insufficient oxygen exchange and perfusion caused by fluid in the lung tissue. A client who has manifestations of pulmonary edema will have clammy, cyanotic skin due to insufficient oxygen exchange and perfusion caused by fluid in the lung tissue. A client who has manifestations of pulmonary edema can have crackles due to fluid in the lung tissue. Crackles can progress as the condition worsens. A nurse is caring for a client who is at 28 weeks of gestation. The client asks the nurse to explain what is causing the constipation. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Estrogen levels decrease during pregnancy, causing the stool to become hardened." B. "Decreased water absorption in the intestine during pregnancy causes constipation." C. "The intestine absorbs iron less efficiently during pregnancy, leading to constipation." D. "The enlarged uterus compresses the inte - Correct Answers "The enlarged uterus compresses the intestines and causes constipation." During the second and third trimesters, the size and weight of the growing uterus cause both displacement and compression of the intestines. These changes cause a decrease in motility, leading to constipation. Incorrect Estrogen and progesterone levels increase during pregnancy, leading to decreased peristalsis and relaxation of the smooth muscles of the intestine, which can result in constipation. The intestine absorbs more water from the stool during pregnancy, leading to constipation. The small intestine absorbs iron more readily during pregnancy due to increased maternal needs, leading to constipation. A nurse is caring for a client who is at 37 weeks of gestation and is experiencing abruptio placentae. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Persistent uterine contractions B. Bright red vagin*l bleeding C. Hyperactive deep-tendon reflexes D. Fundal height of 40 cm (15.7 in) - Correct Answers Persistent uterine contractions The nurse should expect a client who has abruptio placentae to experience persistent uterine contractions, board-like abdomen, and dark red vagin*l bleeding. Incorrect The nurse should expect a client who has placenta previa to experience a relaxed uterus and bright red vagin*l bleeding. With abruptio placentae, the nurse should expect to find dark red vagin*l bleeding. The nurse should expect a client who has preeclampsia to have hyperactive deep-tendon reflexes. The nurse should expect a client who has placenta previa to have a fundal height that is greater than expected gestational age. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to the parents of a 6 month-old infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Provide the infant with 1 cup of cereal. B. Give the infant 240 mL (8 oz) of juice per day. C. Introduce new foods one at a time over 3 to 5 days. D. Give whole milk first, then small amounts of solid food. - Correct Answers Introduce new foods one at a time over 3 to 5 days. The parents should introduce new foods one at a time over 3 to 5 days to identify potential food allergies. Incorrect Infants' portion sizes in general should be 1 Tbsp per year of age. For infants under 12 months of age, ½ to ¾ Tbsp is appropriate. The parents should offer the infant 100% fruit juice, not to exceed 120 to 180 mL (4 to 6 oz) per day, after 6 months of age. The parents should not offer the infant whole milk, because the majority of the infant's calories should come from human milk or commercial, iron- fortified formula. A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has neutropenia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? A. Avoid including raw fruits in the client's diet. B. Restrict visits from young children to 2 hr per day. C. Measure the client's temperature every 8 hr. D. Use disposable gloves from a box outside the client's room. - Correct Answers Avoid including raw fruits in the client's diet. The nurse should exclude raw fruits and vegetables from the client's diet to reduce the risk of bacterial infections. Incorrect The nurse should restrict the client's visitors to healthy adults to reduce the risk of infection. The nurse should measure the client's temperature every 4 hr to monitor for manifestations of an infection. The nurse should keep a box of disposable gloves in the client's room to reduce the risk of contamination. A nurse is reviewing the ABG results of a client who has COPD. The results include a pH of 7.3 (7.35 to 7.45), PaO2 56 mm Hg (80 to 100 mmHg), PaCO2 54 mmHg (35 to 45 mmHg), HCO3 26 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L), and SaO2 87%. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these values? A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis B. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis C. Compensated respiratory acidosis D. Compensated metabolic acidosis - Correct Answers Uncompensated respiratory acidosis A pH of 7.3 is below the expected reference range and indicates the client has acidosis. A PaCO2 of 54 mm Hg is above the expected reference range, which indicates the acidosis has a respiratory origin when combined with the low pH. The HCO3- of 26 mEq/L is within the expected reference range, indicating that the acidosis is not metabolic in origin and the body has not yet corrected the imbalance through compensation. A nurse is teaching a client who has opioid use disorder about methadone. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "If you suspect you are pregnant, stop taking this medication." B. "You cannot become physically dependent on this medication." C. "Sedation is a common adverse effect of this medication." D. "If you forget a dose, you can double your next dose." - Correct Answers "Sedation is a common adverse effect of this medication." Sedation and drowsiness are common adverse effects of methadone. Sedation most frequently occurs at the beginning of treatment or during dosage increases. Incorrect A client can take methadone to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms during pregnancy. A client can develop physical dependency with long-term use of methadone. Methadone can cause respiratory depression. The client should not take more than the prescribed dose at any time. An antepartum nurse is caring for four clients. For which of the following clients should the nurse initiate seizure precautions? A. A client who is at 33 weeks of gestation and has severe gestational hypertension B. A client who is at 16 weeks of gestation and has a hydatidiform mole C. A client who is at 28 weeks of gestation and is experiencing vagin*l bleeding D. A client who is at 36 weeks of gestation and has a positive group B streptococcal culture - Correct Answers A client who is at 33 weeks of gestation and has severe gestational hypertension The nurse should initiate seizure precautions for a client who has severe gestational hypertension because an extremely elevated blood pressure in an antepartum client can trigger seizure activity. The nurse should provide the client with a quiet, darkened environment, place suction equipment and oxygen at the bedside, and position the call light within the client's reach. Incorrect A hydatidiform mole is a benign overgrowth of the chorionic villi that develops into cystic, grape-like clusters. Due to abnormal fertilization, there is no viable fetus in the uterus. Hemorrhage, rather than seizure activity, is the primary risk for a client who has a hydatidiform mole. Late pregnancy bleeding requires rapid assessment and treatment as it can indicate placenta previa or placental abruption. Hemorrhage, rather than seizure activity, is the primary risk for this client. A client who has group B streptococcus c A nurse is caring for a client who requires physical therapy following discharge. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Initiate the referral at the time of discharge. B. Have the client contact a physical therapist when they are ready to begin therapy. C. Verify that insurance will pay for outpatient physical therapy. D. Involve the client in selection of a physical therapy provider. - Correct Answers Involve the client in selection of a physical therapy provider. The nurse should not store the client's CPM machine under the bed or on the floor when it is not in use because this places the client at increased risk for a wound infection. A charge nurse is providing an educational session about infection control for a group of staff nurses. Which of the following statements by one of the staff nurses indicates an understanding of isolation precautions? A. "Droplet precautions should be initiated for a client who tests positive for measles." B. "A client who requires airborne precautions should be placed in a negative-pressure airflow room." C. "Airborne precautions should be initiated for a client who has Clostridium difficile - Correct Answers "A client who requires airborne precautions should be placed in a negative-pressure airflow room." Airborne precautions require a negative-pressure airflow room that has at least six to 12 air exchanges each hour using a HEPA filtration system. Incorrect The nurse should initiate airborne precautions, rather than droplet precautions, for a client who has measles. The nurse should initiate contact precautions, rather than airborne precautions, for a client who has C. difficile. The nurse should place a client who is immunocompromised in a protective environment, rather than a negative-pressure airflow room. A protective environment includes a private room that has positive airflow with at least 12 air exchanges each hour. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Minimize the use of a walker B. Maintain the hip at an angle greater than 90°. C. Install a raised toilet seat at home. D. Place a pillow under the knees when lying down. - Correct Answers Install a raised toilet seat at home. The client should use a raised toilet seat at home to minimize hip flexion and prevent hip dislocation. Incorrect The client should use a walker to minimize the risk of falls or injury. The client should maintain the hip at an angle less than 90° when sitting to minimize hip flexion and prevent hip dislocation. The client should not have a pillow under the knees when lying down because it can impede circulation and result in flexion contractures. A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Paradoxical chest movement B. Subcutaneous emphysema C. Acute confusion D. Distended neck veins - Correct Answers Acute confusion An older adult client who has pneumonia will also typically have acute confusion, fatigue, lethargy, and anorexia. Incorrect A client who has flail chest will have paradoxical chest movement. A client who has a pneumothorax will have subcutaneous emphysema. A client who has cor pulmonale or tension pneumothorax will have distended neck veins. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is assessing a client who has had a stroke. For which of the following findings should the nurse initiate a referral for occupational therapy? A. Difficulty performing ADLs B. Inability to swallow clear liquids C. Elevated blood glucose levels D. Unsteady gait when ambulating - Correct Answers Difficulty performing ADLs The nurse should initiate a referral for occupational therapy to teach the client the skills necessary to become independent in performing ADLs such as bathing, dressing, or eating. Incorrect The nurse should initiate a referral to a speech-language pathologist for a client who has any swallowing difficulties. The nurse should initiate a referral to a dietitian for a client who has elevated blood glucose levels. A dietitian provides support and teaching to the client to ensure nutritional needs are met. The nurse should initiate a referral for physical therapy for a client who has an unsteady gait when ambulating. A physical therapist develops a plan to improve a client's strength and mobility and can identify assistive devices that might be necessary. A nurse is assessing a client following a vagin*l delivery and notes heavy lochia and a boggy fundus. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer? A. Nalbuphine B. Terbutaline C. Oxytocin D. Magnesium sulfate - Correct Answers Oxytocin The nurse should administer oxytocin, a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions, to decrease vagin*l bleeding. Incorrect The nurse should administer nalbuphine, an opioid agonist-antagonist, for pain relief during labor. The nurse should administer terbutaline, a smooth muscle relaxant, to decrease contractions during preterm labor. The nurse should administer magnesium sulfate, a smooth muscle relaxant, to prevent seizures in a client who has preeclampsia. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for total parenteral nutrition through a central line. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "I will change your IV tubing once every 48 hours." B. "Abdominal distention is an expected effect of this therapy." C. "I will need to check your gastric residual before administering feedings." The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. Therefore, the nurse should first determine the client's feelings and understanding of the natural disaster and its personal impact. Incorrect The nurse should assist the client with contacting people for support and additional help. However, there is another action that the nurse should take first. The nurse should assist the client with locating community resources to secure shelter. However, there is another action that the nurse should take first. The nurse should assist a client who recently experienced a natural disaster to obtain mental health counseling for further support. However, there is another action that the nurse should take first. A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a client who is obese. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? A. Select a 1-inch needle. B. Use a 45º angle when inserting the needle. C. Use the ventrogluteal site. D. Pinch the skin up during injection. - Correct Answers Use the ventrogluteal site. The nurse should use the ventrogluteal site because it has a thick area of muscle and contains no large nerves or blood vessels. Incorrect A 1-inch needle is too short to reach the muscle in a client who has obesity. The nurse should use a 90º angle when inserting the needle into the client's muscle. The nurse should use the Z-track method when administering an IM injection. A nurse is preparing to transfer a client who has had a stroke to a rehabilitation facility. The client's family tells the nurse they are concerned about the level of care the client will receive. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Facilitate an interdisciplinary conference at the new facility for the family. B. Refer the client and family to a social worker for assistance and a follow- up meeting. C. Reassure the client's family that the same provider will provide care a - Correct Answers Facilitate an interdisciplinary conference at the new facility for the family. Initiating an interdisciplinary conference will address the family's concerns about providing optimal care for the client. Incorrect There is no indication that the family needs a referral to a social worker, who assists families with financial issues and psychosocial needs. This action does not address the concerns of the client's family. This information provides false reassurance to the family. There is no guarantee that the same provider will be able to care for the client at the new facility. This information provides false reassurance to the family. A nurse is preparing a client for a parecentesis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Instruct the client to void. B. Position the client on their left side. C. Insert an IV catheter. D. Prepare the client for moderate (conscious) sedation. - Correct Answers Instruct the client to void. The nurse should instruct the client to void prior to the procedure because an empty bladder decreases the risk of a bladder puncture and minimizes the client's discomfort during the procedure. Incorrect The nurse should position the client upright or in high-Fowler's position. An IV catheter is not necessary for a paracentesis. The nurse should instruct the client that the provider will administer a local anesthetic before beginning the procedure. Moderate sedation is not required for a paracentesis. A nurse working on a medical-surgical unit receives a telephone call requesting the status of a client from an individual who identifies themselves as the client's guardian. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Ask the caller for verification of their identity. B. Give the caller limited information about the client. C. Transfer the phone call to the client's room. D. Inform the caller that they should obtain permission from the client's provider. - Correct Answers Ask the caller for verification of their identity. According to HIPAA, if someone requests information about a client, it is the nurse's duty to protect that information. Therefore, the nurse should inform the caller that nurses cannot release any client information over the phone without the permission of the client. The nurse should ask for verification of the caller's identity to determine if they have been authorized by the client to receive information. Incorrect This action by the nurse violates HIPAA because the client's personal health information is protected legally by the facility and the nurse should not disclose information, even in a limited form. According to HIPAA, if someone requests information about a client, it is the nurse's duty to protect that information. Therefore, the nurse should inform the caller that they cannot transfer the call or release any client information over the phone without the permission of the client. The client's provider must receive permi A nurse manager is reviewing clients' rights with the nurses on the unit. The nurse manager should tell the nurses that informed consent promotes which of the following ethical principles? A. Autonomy B. Nonmaleficience C. Justice D. Fidelity - Correct Answers Autonomy Autonomy refers to a client's ability to make their own decisions about treatment. Informed consent promotes autonomy by providing clients with complete information about treatment. Day 1, 0900: Client is 65-year-old who reports pain and burning on urination. Client states, "I am having trouble making it to the bathroom on time and I'm up throughout the night needing to urinate." Client alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Bilateral breath sounds clear. Respirations even and unlabored. S3 auscultated. Lower extremity edema +1. Radial and pedal pulses +2. Bowel sounds normoactive. Client re - Correct Answers Which of the following provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate for this client? Select the 4 prescriptions the nurse should anticipate. - Collect urine specimen for urinalysis - Educate client on new prescription for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and phenazopyridine - Collect urine specimen for urine culture When analyzing cues, the nurse should anticipate provider prescriptions to collect urine specimens for urinalysis and urine culture and to educate the client on new prescriptions for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and phenazopyridine. The nurse should identify that the client is most likely experiencing a urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs are diagnosed through urinalysis and urine culture. Clients experiencing a UTI should be prescribed an antibiotic and an analgesic for urinary pain relief and frequency. A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Provider Prescriptions Day 1, 0930: Collect urine specimen for urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg PO twice daily for 10 daysPhenazopyridine 200 mg PO every 6 hr for 2 days Laboratory Results Day 1, 1100: UrinalysisColor: Amber (Amber yellow)Appearance: Cloudy (Clear) Specific gravity: 1.04 (1.005 to 1.03)pH: 9 (4.6 to 8)Glucose: None (None)Ketones: None (None)Bilirubin: None (None)Blood: - Correct Answers The client is at highest risk for developing pyelonephritis, as evidenced by the client's urinalysis results The nurse should determine that the priority hypothesis is the client is at the highest risk for developing pyelonephritis as evidenced by the client's urinalysis results. The urinalysis indicates dark cloudy urine, increased specific gravity, increased pH, increased red and white blood cells, positive nitrites, positive leukocytes, and trace amounts of blood, which indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). If left untreated, a UTI can lead to pyelonephritis. A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client. Nurses' Notes Day 1, 0900: Client is 65-year-old who reports pain and burning on urination. Client states, "I am having trouble making it to the bathroom on time and I'm up throughout the night needing to urinate." Client alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Bilateral breath sounds clear. Respirations even and unlabored. S3 auscultated. Lower extremity edema +1. Radial and pedal pulses +2. Bowel sounds normoactive. Client repor - Correct Answers The nurse is planning to teach the client how to prevent further UTIs from occurring. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include? Gently cleanse the perineum before intercourse When generating solutions, the nurse should educate the client on how to prevent future UTIs by cleansing the perineum prior to intercourse. During intercourse, bacteria from the skin can enter the urinary tract, causing infection. Incorrect The nurse should instruct the client to void every 2 to 3 hr, rather than every 4 to 6 hr, during the day. Frequent voiding prevents overdistension of the bladder and helps to flush bacteria from the urinary tract. The nurse should instruct the client to drink as much as 2 to 3 L, rather than 4 L, of fluids daily, unless contraindicated by other health conditions. Increased fluids promote renal blood flow and help to flush bacteria from the urinary tract. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid citrus juices, which can irritate the urinary The client returns to the provider's office 3 days later. Nurses' Notes Day 1, 0900: Client is 65-year-old who reports pain and burning on urination. Client states, "I am having trouble making it to the bathroom on time and I'm up throughout the night needing to urinate." Client alert and oriented x 3. Bilateral breath sounds clear. Respirations even and unlabored. S3 auscultated. Lower extremity edema +1. Radial and pedal pulses +2. Bowel sounds normoactive. Client reports no nausea or vomi - Correct Answers Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse report to the provider as unexpected? For each assessment finding, click to specify if the finding is expected or unexpected. Expected findings: urine color, voiding pattern, oxygen saturation, blood pressure Unexpected findings: Temperature, skin, and bowel elimination When taking action, the nurse should identify that the client's urine color, voiding pattern, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure are expected findings and do not need to be reported to the provider. The client's report of orange urine is an expected finding due to the prescribed medication phenazopyridine, which can cause reddish-orange discoloration of urine. The client's voiding pattern is an expected finding due to increased fluid intake of 3 L daily. The client's oxygen saturation is an expected finding due to the client's history of COPD. The client's blood pressure is an expected finding due to the client's history of hypertension. The nurse should The client returns to the provider's office 3 days later. Vital Signs Day 1, 0900: Temperature 37.2° C (99° F) Heart rate 88/min Blood pressure 142/88 mm Hg Respiratory rate 20/min Oxygen saturation 92% on room air 3 days later, 0900: The newly licensed nurse should use the dorsal surface of the hand to assess skin temperature because it is sensitive to temperature changes. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a new prescription for amitriptylline to treat depression. The nurse should identify that which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I should avoid eating smoked meat, cheeses, and ripe avocados while taking this type of medication." B. "I should watch for common reactions like dry mouth and constipation." C. "I will be at increased risk for high blood pressure while taking this medic - Correct Answers "I should watch for common reactions like dry mouth and constipation." The nurse should reinforce that increasing dietary fiber, fluid intake, and chewing sugar-free gum can alleviate the anticholinergic effects of dry mouth and constipation. Incorrect A client who is taking an MAOI should avoid foods that contain tyramine. Clients who are taking amitriptyline should monitor for hypotension and change positions slowly. The client should take a daily dose of amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, at bedtime to promote sleep and minimize drowsiness during the day. A nurse is caring for a newborn immediately after delivery. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to prevent heat loss by conduction? A. Dry the newborn immediately after birth. B. Maintain an ambient room temperature of 24° C (75.2° F). C. Use a protective cover on the scale when weighing the infant. D. Place the newborn's bassinet away from outside windows. - Correct Answers Use a protective cover on the scale when weighing the infant. Heat loss by conduction is a loss of heat between the newborn's skin and the cooler surfaces beneath it. Using a protective cover prevents contact with the scale, which prevents the loss of heat through conduction. Incorrect Drying the newborn prevents heat loss via evaporation, which occurs when a liquid converts to a vapor. This strategy prevents heat loss via convection, which is the flow of heat from the body surface to cooler, ambient air. Moving the bassinet away from outside windows prevents heat loss via radiation. Radiation is the loss of heat from the body surface to cooler, solid surfaces not in direct contact with the newborn, but in relative proximity. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following findings as a manifestation of hypoglycemia? A. Irritability B. Increased urination C. Vomiting D. Facial warmth - Correct Answers Irritability The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for irritability, which can indicate decreased blood glucose levels. Incorrect Increased urination is an indication of hyperglycemia. Vomiting is an indication of hyperglycemia. Facial warmth is not a manifestation of hypoglycemia. A nurse is assessing a school-age child who has bacterial meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Nuchal rigidity B. Weight gain C. Tinnitus D. Positive Trendelenburg sign - Correct Answers Nuchal rigidity Nuchal rigidity is a manifestation of bacterial meningitis. Incorrect Weight loss is a manifestation of bacterial meningitis. Tinnitus is not a manifestation of bacterial meningitis. A positive Trendelenburg sign is a manifestation of developmental dysplasia of the hip and is not a manifestation of bacterial meningitis. A school nurse is notified of an emergency in which several children were injured following the collapse of playground equipment. Upon arrival at the playground, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Instruct a staff member to maintain a log of emergency care provided. B. Apply cervical spine collars to children who have suspected neck trauma. C. Notify guardians of the emergency and injuries to their children. D. Survey the scene for potential hazards to staff and c - Correct Answers Survey the scene for potential hazards to staff and children. The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the situation. By surveying the scene, the nurse can identify potential hazards to staff and children. These findings allow the nurse and staff to enter the scene and safely provide care to injured children and help decrease the risk for further injury. Incorrect Instructing a staff member to maintain a log of emergency care provided ensures that documentation is available for interprofessional communication and keeps the nurse free to provide care to injured children. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. The nurse should apply cervical spine collars to children who have suspected neck trauma to immobilize the cervical spine and reduce the risk for further injury. However, there is another action the nurse should take first. The nurse should assist with notification of guardians following an emergency to ensure that The nurse should recognize the client's urine specific gravity is significantly elevated above the expected reference range of 1.005 to 1.03. An increased urine specific gravity indicates dehydration from vomiting. A nurse is conducting group therapy with clients who have breast cancer. The nurse should recognize which of the following statements by a client as an example of altruism? A. "I have experienced physical discomfort when intimate with my partner since my diagnosis." B. "I wish other people would stop socializing with my partner." C. "I told my doctor that I would like to start a support group for other people who are sick in my community." D. "I used to mistrust my doctor, but now I know the - Correct Answers "I told my doctor that I would like to start a support group for other people who are sick in my community." This statement indicates that the client is demonstrating altruism by reaching out and helping others. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a fracture of the right fibula with a short-leg cast in place and a new prescription for crutches. The client is non-weight-bearing for 6 weeks. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Adjust the crutches for comfort as needed. B. Use a three-point gait. C. Wear leather-soled shoes. D. Advance the affected leg first when walking upstairs. - Correct Answers Use a three-point gait. A three-point crutch gait allows the client to be mobile without bearing weight on the affected extremity. Incorrect A health care provider should initially measure crutches for the client. Clients should not perform their own adjustments to the crutches. Use of improperly fitting crutches increases the risk of injury from falls. The client should wear rubber-soled shoes when using crutches. The client who wears leather-soled shoes has an increased risk of slipping and falling. When walking up stairs, the client should advance the unaffected leg first. When walking down stairs, the client should advance the crutches and the affected leg first and then follow with the unaffected leg. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking valproic acid for seizure control. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor and report? A. Weight loss B. Jaundice C. Bradycardia D. Polyuria - Correct Answers Jaundice The nurse should monitor the client for jaundice and report any indication to the provider. Clients who take valproic acid are at risk for liver damage, which can lead to jaundice. A client is receiving IV fluids at 150 mL/hr. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing fluid overload? A. Oliguria B. Bradycardia C. Dyspnea D. Poor skin turgor - Correct Answers Dyspnea The nurse should recognize that dyspnea indicates the client could be experiencing fluid overload. Fluid overload can lead to the backup of fluid in the pulmonary system, resulting in shortness of breath. A nurse is providing education to the parent of a school-age child who has asthma. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will administer aspirin to my child to treat pain or fever." B. "I will record an average of three readings from my child's peak expiratory flow meter." C. "I will place carpet in my child's bedroom to control allergens." D. "I will make sure my child receives a yearly influenza immunization." - Correct Answers "I will make sure my child receives a yearly influenza immunization." Children who have asthma should be immunized and protected from infections. Therefore, the nurse should educate the parent to ensure the child receives a yearly influenza immunization. Incorrect Children who have asthma are sensitive to aspirin, and because it is associated with the development of Reye syndrome, the nurse should teach the parent to avoid administration of aspirin. The parent should record the highest of the three readings, rather than the average, when recording their child's results from the peak expiratory flow meter. Carpet is an offending environmental irritant to a child who has asthma, which can trigger an attack. Therefore, the nurse should educate the parent about removing carpeting from the child's bedroom. A nurse is preparing a sterile field in order to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to maintain surgical aseptic technique? A. Open the top outer flap of the package toward the body. B. Clean the penis with the nondominant hand. C. Don sterile gloves after opening the lubricant packet. D. Set the catheter tray on the overbed table at waist height. - Correct Answers Set the catheter tray on the overbed table at waist height. To maintain sterility, the nurse should place the catheter tray on a work surface at or above waist level. Incorrect The nurse should open the top outer flap away from the body to prevent contamination of the sterile field by reaching over it when opening the remaining flaps. The nurse should clean the penis with the dominant hand. B. Hgb 14 g/dL (12 to 18 g/dL) C. Albumin 4.2 g/dL (3.5 to 5 g/dL) D. Recent weight loss - Correct Answers Recent weight loss Weight loss can increase the client's risk for developing a pressure injury. Inadequate nutrition will cause decreased nutrients for the skin and tissues and an increased chance for shearing against bony prominences. When caring for a child, a nurse plans to use nonpharmacological interventions to enhance the effectiveness of pain medication. Which of the following strategies incorporates visualization techniques to help decrease the child's discomfort? A. Coloring with crayons in a coloring book B. Deep breathing and "going limp as a rag doll" C. Blowing bubbles with liquid soap to "blow the hurt away" D. Taking a warm bath and playing with a bath toy - Correct Answers Blowing bubbles with liquid soap to "blow the hurt away" Having the child blow bubbles is a visualization technique that can help to decrease the child's discomfort. The child can visualize the pain as the bubble that they blow away from themself and into the air. A nurse manager is planning to make changes to the current scheduling system on the unit. To facilitate the staff's acceptance of this change, which of the following actions should the nurse manager take first? A. Ask staff members to participate in a trial of the new scheduling system. B. Provide information about scheduling issues to the staff. C. Encourage staff to offer alternate scheduling solutions. D. Develop goals to implement the new scheduling system. - Correct Answers Provide information about scheduling issues to the staff. The first stage of the change process is the unfreezing stage, when the nurse should inform the staff about the current staffing issues. This can increase their understanding of why changes are necessary. Incorrect Participating in a trial implementation of the new schedule is a component of the moving stage of change. Encouraging staff to offer alternate scheduling solutions is a component of the moving stage of change. Involving staff members in the change will make them feel included and less resistant to the new schedule. Developing goals and objectives to implement the new schedule is a component of the moving stage of change. A nurse is assessing a client who has antisocial personality disorder. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? A. Lack of remorse B. Sensitivity to rejection C. Extreme mood swings D. Self-mutilating behavior - Correct Answers Lack of remorse A client who has antisocial personality disorder is more likely to show a lack of remorse. Incorrect A client who has narcissistic personality disorder is more likely to show sensitivity to rejection. A client who has bipolar disorder is more likely to exhibit extreme mood swings. A client who has a borderline personality disorder is more likely to exhibit self-mutilating behaviors. A nurse is preparing to initiate IV access for an older adult client. Which of the following sites should the nurse select when iniatiating the IV for this client? A. Radial vein of the inner arm B. Great saphenous vein of the leg C. Dorsal plexus vein of the foot D. Basilic vein of the hand - Correct Answers Radial vein of the inner arm The nurse should select the radial vein of the inner arm when initiating IV access for an older adult client because this site will have adequate subcutaneous tissue. A nurse is caring for a client who has a fractured femur and has had a fiberglass leg cylinder cast for 24 hr. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as the priority? A. The client reports leg itching under the cast around the mid-upper thigh area. B. The client reports increased pain when the leg is lowered below the level of the heart. C. The client got their cast wet during a sponge bath. D. The client's heel is reddened and tender. - Correct Answers The client's heel is reddened and tender. The greatest risk to this client is injury from a pressure ulcer. Therefore, the priority assessment finding the nurse should identify is a reddened and tender heel. Incorrect The client is at risk for dry, itching skin so the nurse should offer the client a hair dryer to use on the cool setting to blow air on the skin for relief from itching. However, there is another finding that is the priority. The client is at risk for swelling that can cause pain when the leg is in the dependent position so the nurse should elevate the client's leg to reduce edema and pain. However, there is another finding that is the priority. The client is at risk for skin breakdown caused by a wet cast so the nurse should make sure the cast is completely dry to reduce the risk of skin breakdown. A fiberglass cast is waterproof, and water will not affect the integrity of the cast. However, there is another finding that is the priority. A community health nurse is performing triage tagging following a mass casualty incident. On which of the following clients should the nurse place a black tag? A. A client who is alert and has a 2.5 cm (1 in) laceration on the forehead B. A client who has significant head trauma and agonal respirations C. A client who has an open fracture of the right forearm D. A client who is unconscious and has a rapid, thready radial pulse - Correct Answers . A client who has significant head trauma and agonal respirations Clients taking furosemide can require a diet that is high in potassium to counteract the potassium loss this type of diuretic can cause. A nurse is caring for a client who vomits on a reusable BP cuff. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Place the BP cuff in a labeled bag to send it for decontamination. B. Immediately rinse the BP cuff in hot running water. C. Dispose of the contaminated BP cuff in the bag lining the trash can. D. Clean the BP cuff with a chlorine bleach solution. - Correct Answers Place the BP cuff in a labeled bag to send it for decontamination. The nurse should place the BP cuff in a labeled bag before removing it from the client's room and sending it to the proper facility location for decontamination. Incorrect The nurse should rinse the BP cuff in cold running water prior to sending it for decontamination. Hot water can cause the vomitus to coagulate and stick to the cuff, which can make it difficult to remove. The nurse should not dispose of reusable facility equipment, such as a BP cuff. The nurse should use a chlorine bleach solution to clean blood spills. A nurse is assessing a client who has a chest tube. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? - Drainage system located above the client's chest level - Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber - Occlusive dressing on the insertion site - Drainage of 125 mL/hr - Correct Answers Occlusive dressing on the insertion site An occlusive dressing on the insertion site prevents air from leaking and is an expected finding. Incorrect The chest drainage system should be kept below the client's chest level to facilitate drainage and prevent fluid from backing up into the client's lungs. Continuous bubbling in water-seal chamber indicates an air leak. Chest tube drainage should be less than 70 mL/hr. A nurse is caring for a toddler who is admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery. Which of the following should the nurse include in the toddler's plan of care? A. Encourage the parents to bring toys from home. B. Use a visual analog scale to rate the toddler's pain. C. Inform the toddler about the procedure 1 week before hospitalization. D. Stress to the parents the need for maintaining the hospital's daily routine. - Correct Answers Encourage the parents to bring toys from home. To help decrease the toddler's anxiety, the nurse should encourage the family to bring familiar objects from home, such as toys, blankets, and feeding utensils. Incorrect The visual analog scale is appropriate for children who are 8 years old and older. Toddlers have a limited ability to understand concepts of time. The parents should inform the toddler about the procedure shortly before or immediately before it occurs. The toddler will adjust to the hospitalization best if the routine mirrors their home schedule. A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who is unconscious and requires emergency medical procedures. The nurse is unable to locate members of the client's family to obtain consent. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Contact the facility's ethics committee. B. Obtain consent from the client's employer. C. Limit care to comfort measures. D. Proceed with provision of medical care. - Correct Answers Proceed with provision of medical care. When a client is unable to give informed consent in an emergency, health care personnel can proceed with necessary life-saving care because the law considers this implied consent. Incorrect The nurse should contact the facility's ethics committee for an ethical or moral dilemma. Obtaining consent is a legal issue. The client's employer has no authority to provide consent for treatment. The closest adult relative or legal guardian can provide consent. Limiting care to comfort measures places the client at risk for an adverse outcome, or possibly death. A nurse manager is preparing an educational session about advocacy to a group of nurses. The nurse manager should include which of the following information in the teaching? A. Advocacy encourages clients to rely on health care staff for decision- making. B. Subordinates are advocates for the nurse manager. C. Advocacy is a leadership role that helps others to self-actualize. D. Nurse managers should distrust people who expose inappropriate professional practices. - Correct Answers Advocacy is a leadership role that helps others to self-actualize. The nurse manager should teach that advocacy is a leadership role that can help others to grow personally and professionally through self- actualization. Incorrect The nurse manager should teach that advocacy assists the client to make decisions freely. The nurse manager is an advocate for subordinates, clients, and the nursing profession. The nurse manager should advocate for people who expose harmful or inappropriate professional practices when they occur. A nurse is caring for a client who has fluid overload. Which of the following tasks should the nurse delegate to an assistive personnel (AP)? A. Palpate the degree of edema. B. Regulate IV pump fluid rate. C. Measure the client's daily weight. is not the priority for the nurse to assess. The nurse should observe the client for any indications of memory loss because this can provide valuable clues about the client's current cognition. However, this is not the priority for the nurse to assess. A nurse is caring for a client who is in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? A. Hypersensitivity to criticism B. Fears of abandonment C. Grandiose delusions D. Reclusive behavior - Correct Answers Grandiose delusions Clients who are in the manic phase of bipolar disorder typically exhibit behaviors that appear to be euphoric. Clients can also have abrupt mood changes, expansiveness, unlimited energy, poor impulse control, and grandiose delusions. Incorrect Clients who have avoidant personality disorder are typically hypersensitive to criticism and can exhibit feelings of inadequacy and a fear of rejection. Clients who have borderline personality disorder typically have a fear of real or imagined abandonment. Clients who have schizoid personality disorder demonstrate reclusive behavior or social withdrawal. A nurse is teaching about adverse effects with a client who is starting to take captopril. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of the medication to report to the provider? Tinnitus Cough Polyuria Blurred Vision - Correct Answers Cough The client can develop a cough due to a buildup of bradykinin in the lungs. The client should report this finding to the provider. A nurse is preparing to administer 15 units of regular insulin along with 20 units of NPH insulin. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? A. Inject 20 units of air into the NPH insulin vial. B. Shake the NPH insulin vial vigorously to mix the insulin. C. Use a new needle to draw up the insulin from the second vial. D. Draw the longer-acting insulin into the syringe first. - Correct Answers Inject 20 units of air into the NPH insulin vial. The nurse should inject 20 units of air into the NPH insulin vial and withdraw the needle without touching the insulin, then proceed to inject 15 units of air into the regular insulin vial. A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who reports taking methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Lethargy Diaphoresis Bradycardia Cough - Correct Answers Diaphoresis Diaphoresis is an expected finding of MDMA use. Additionally, the client might experience increased tactile sensitivity, lowered inhibition, chills, muscle cramping, teeth clenching, and mild hallucinogenic effects. A nurse is planning to delegate client care tasks to an assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following tasks should the nurse plan to delegate to the AP? A. Provide instructions about client care to a family member over the telephone. B. Determine if the PRN pain medication administered 30 min ago has helped. C. Perform gastrostomy feedings through a client's established gastrostomy tube. D. Teach a client how to measure their own blood pressure. - Correct Answers Perform gastrostomy feedings through a client's established gastrostomy tube. The nurse should delegate providing gastrostomy feedings through the client's established gastrostomy tube to an AP because this task is within the AP's range of function. A nurse working on an inpatient mental health unit is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and is experiencing mania. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care to ensure safe client care environment? A. Observe the client every 15 min. B. Monitor the client for 30 min following meals. C. Encourage the client to participate in group activities. D. Provide the client with a brightly lit environment. - Correct Answers Observe the client every 15 min. The nurse should observe the client who is experiencing mania every 15 minutes. Frequent observation allows the nurse to identify behaviors that need redirection and to protect the safety of the client and others. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a client prior to a surgical procedure. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has the ability to sign the informed consent? - Correct Answers The client is able to accurately describe the upcoming procedure. The ability of the client to accurately describe the upcoming procedure indicates that the provider adequately informed the client and that the client is able to sign the informed consent form. A community health nurse is assisting with the development of a disaster management plan. The nurse should include which of the following nursing responsibilities in the disaster response stage of the plan? - Correct Answers Performing a rapid needs assessment Disaster management includes prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery stages. The nurse should perform a rapid needs assessment during the response phase of the disaster cycle. A rapid needs assessment allows the nurse to identify the severity of the incident, the health needs of the community, and the priority actions needed during the response stage. D. Keeps the head of the bed elevated to 45° for 1 hr after feedings - Correct Answers Keeps the head of the bed elevated to 45° for 1 hr after feedings The nurse should keep the client's head elevated to 30° to 45° for 1 to 2 hr after feedings to decrease the risk for aspiration. Incorrect The nurse should inject 10 to 30 mL of air into the NG tube before checking for residual to clear the tube of any feeding. Instilling excessive air into the tube can cause abdominal distention and discomfort. The nurse should use 20 mL of tap water to flush the NG tube before and after each feeding. Using 0.9% sodium chloride irrigation can lead to hypernatremia. The nurse should avoid adding dye to the feeding to detect aspiration because using dye can increase the risk of complications. A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has dehydration and is receiving an oral rehydration solution. Which of the following laboratory results indicates that the treatment regimen is effective? A. Hematocrit 45% B. Urine specific gravity 1.035 C. Serum sodium 138 mEq/L D. BUN 19 mg/dL - Correct Answers Serum sodium 138 mEq/L A serum sodium level of 138 mEq/L is within the expected reference range of 136 mEq/L to 145 mEq/L and is an indication that the child is responding to the oral rehydration solution. Incorrect This laboratory value is above the expected reference range of 32% to 44% for a child and is an indication that dehydration is still present. This laboratory value is above the expected reference range of specific gravity 1.005 to 1.030 and is an indication that dehydration is still present. This laboratory value is above the expected reference range of 5 to 18 mg/dL for a child and is an indication that dehydration is still present. A nurse is assessing a client who has obstructive sleep apnea. For which of the following complications should the nurse monitor? A. Weight Loss B. Urinary retention C. Hypertension D. Hypoglycemia - Correct Answers Hypertension The nurse should assess the client for hypertension, a complication of obstructive sleep apnea from hypoxia. Other complications include heart failure and cardiac dysrhythmias. Incorrect The nurse should identify weight gain as a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea and provide recommendations for weight control to the client to reduce manifestations. The nurse should expect the client to develop enuresis, rather than urinary retention, as an expected finding of obstructive sleep apnea. The nurse should not expect hypoglycemia. The nurse should monitor the client for decreased oxygen levels. A nurse is assessing a newborn's heart rate. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Assess the apical pulse while the newborn is crying. B. Palpate the radial pulse for 30 seconds. C. Listen to the apical pulse while palpating the radial pulse. D. Auscultate the apical pulse at least 1 min. - Correct Answers Auscultate the apical pulse at least 1 min. The nurse should auscultate the apical pulse to obtain an accurate assessment of heart rate and rhythm. Auscultation of a newborn's heart sounds can be difficult because of the rapid rate and the transmission of respiratory sounds. Incorrect Assessment of the apical pulse is most accurate when the newborn is in a quiet state. The sound of crying obscures the heart sounds. Palpation of the radial pulse is a common method for determining heart rate in older children and adults. The nurse should use this procedure to detect pulse deficits for an adult client. This method is not used to assess the heart rate of a newborn. A nurse is providing teaching about advance directives to a middle adult client. Which of the following client responses indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can designate my partner as my health care surrogate." B. "I am only 40 years old, so I don't need to worry about this yet." C. "I will need a lawyer's help to draw up the documents." D. "I understand that my family can alter my advance directives if I become incapacitated." - Correct Answers "I can designate my partner as my health care surrogate." This statement indicates that the client recognizes that designating a health care surrogate is part of advance directives. Incorrect There is no age requirement to having advance directives. It is not necessary to have an attorney create the documents. Advance directives cannot be revoked by family members once they have been signed by a client who is competent. A nurse at an urgent care clinic is assessing a client who reports impaired vision in one eye. Which of the following reports by the client should indicate to the nurse that the client has a detached retina? A. Halos around lights B. Floating dark spots C. Pain in the affected eye D. Blurred vision - Correct Answers Floating dark spots The nurse should recognize that floating dark spots are a manifestation of a detached retina due to bulges, folds, or holes in the affected retina. Incorrect Halos around lights are a manifestation of glaucoma due to elevated intraocular pressure. Retinal detachment develops suddenly and is usually painless. Blurred vision is a manifestation of cataracts. As cataracts mature, the lens becomes cloudy and vision decreases. A. A client whose family requests hospital-based hospice care B. A client who requires transfer to a skilled care facility C. A client who qualifies for telehealth for pacemaker diagnostics D. A client whose caregiver requests adult day care services - Correct Answers A client whose caregiver requests adult day care services The nurse should initiate a referral for PACE for this client because PACE provides adult day care services along with in-home assessments and supportive services. Incorrect The nurse should initiate a referral for hospice care for a client who is dying. A nurse should assist in the coordination of care for a client who requires transfer to a skilled care facility, which might require a referral for other disciplines (physical therapy, occupational therapy). The nurse should assist in the facilitation of telehealth for the client to receive home-based pacemaker diagnostics through the use of electronic communications. A nurse is administering medications to a client who has a percutaneous gastrostomy tube for enteral feedings. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent clogging of the tube? A. Flush the client's gastrostomy tube with 30 mL of water before administering the medication. B. Crush the client's medications and mix them in with the tube feeding formula prior to administration. C. Change the client's feeding bag every 72 hr. D. Administer multiple prescribed medications at the - Correct Answers A. Flush the client's gastrostomy tube with 30 mL of water before administering the medication. The nurse should flush the gastrotomy tube with at least 30 mL of water before and after medication administration to clear the tube of any residuals and to ensure patency. Incorrect The nurse should crush each medication and administer each separately from the tube feeding formula to decrease the risk of residual forming, which can clog the tube. The nurse should change the feeding bag and tubing every 24 to 48 hr to prevent clogging and to reduce the risk of infection. The nurse should administer each prescribed medication separately to reduce the risk of clogging of the tube.